Nasty Austrian🇦🇹 Conquers da 🇺🇸 & 🇨🇦
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Race Dog
If you'll recall from an earlier post, I was quite boozed up and high on Kush when I met this amazing looking **** Sapient.
I went up to her and said in my best Detroit accent, hey hows u doing honey.....
I went up to her and said in my best Detroit accent, hey hows u doing honey.....
big oil
Race Dog
Catalog no. AL 288-1
Common name - Lucy
Species - Australopithecus afarensis
Age - 3.2 million years
Place discovered - Afar Depression, Ethiopia
Date discovered - November 24, 1974
Discovered by - Donald Johanson - Maurice Taieb - Yves Coppens - Tom Gray
Common name - Lucy
Species - Australopithecus afarensis
Age - 3.2 million years
Place discovered - Afar Depression, Ethiopia
Date discovered - November 24, 1974
Discovered by - Donald Johanson - Maurice Taieb - Yves Coppens - Tom Gray
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Race Dog
Michael S. Brown
Biographical
Michael S. Brown was born on April 13, 1941, in Brooklyn, New York, the eldest child of Harvey Brown, a textile salesman, and Evelyn Brown, a housewife. His sister Susan was born three years later. When Brown was 11 years old the family moved to Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, where Brown attended Cheltenham High School. An amateur radio operating license obtained at age 13 led to a life-long fascination with science. A serious interest in journalism also developed early. These two passions, science and writing, have remained paramount ever since.
Brown graduated in 1962 from the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Pennsylvania, with chemistry as his major subject. He spent most of his time at the headquarters of the student newspaper, the Daily Pennsylvanian, where he served as features editor and briefly as editor-in-chief. In 1966 Brown received his M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. In 1964 he married Alice Lapin, a companion from childhood. The next two years were spent as intern and resident in Internal Medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Here Brown met Joseph L. Goldstein, a fellow intern, and the two established the friendship and mutual respect that led to their long-term scientific collaboration.
The years 1968-1971 were spent at the National Institutes of Health where Brown served initially as Clinical Associate in gastroenterology and hereditary disease. He then joined the Laboratory of Biochemistry, headed by Earl R. Stadtman, a pioneer in the disclosure of the mechanisms by which enzymes are regulated. Here Brown learned the techniques of enzymology and the fundamental principles of metabolic regulation. Brown made an important contribution to the Stadtman effort when he and a colleague discovered that a regulatory enzyme in the glutamine synthetic pathway was controlled by covalent attachment of a nucleotide, uridine.
In 1971 Brown joined the division of Gastroenterology in the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas. His selection of Dallas was strongly motivated by his friendship with Goldstein, who had graduated from the Southwestern Medical School. In Dallas, Brown came under the influence of Donald W. Seldin, Chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine, an inspirational figure whose passion for medical science shaped the lives of a generation of Texas students.
Soon after his arrival in Dallas, Brown succeeded in solubilizing and partially purifying 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a previously enigmatic enzyme that catalyzes the rate-controlling enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. He and Goldstein had developed the hypothesis that abnormalities in the regulation of this enzyme were the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic disease in which excess cholesterol accumulates in blood and tissues. The formal scientific collaboration with Goldstein began one year later, in 1972, just after Goldstein returned to Dallas from a postdoctoral fellowship in Seattle. The two young physicians initially maintained separate laboratories, but by 1974 the laboratories had been formally joined.
Throughout the decade of the 1970’s, when their scientific work was most intensive, Brown and Goldstein continued to function as academic physicians, each performing clinical attending rounds on the general medicine wards of Parkland Memorial Hospital for six to twelve weeks per year. They also conducted frequent teaching rounds in medical genetics. Their research efforts were aided by a number of talented senior collaborators and junior associates, as well as by frequent interchange with interested members of the Department of Internal Medicine.
In 1974, Brown was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. He became a Professor in 1976. In 1977 he was appointed Paul J. Thomas Professor of Medicine and Genetics, and Director of the Center for Genetic Disease at the same institution. In 1985, Brown was appointed Regental Professor of the University of Texas.
Brown was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences of the United States in 1980. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, the American Society of Biological Chemists, and the American Society for Cell Biology. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine and a Fellow of the American College of Physicians.
Brown received several student awards at the University of Pennsylvania, including a Proctor and Gamble Scholarship (1958-1962), the David L. Drabkin Prize in Biochemistry (1962), and the Frederick L. Packard Prize in Internal Medicine (1966). He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha. From 1974 to 1977 he was an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association. He has served on several review boards including the Molecular Cytology Study Section of the National Institutes of Health (1974-77) and the editorial boards of the Journal of Lipid Research, the Journal of Cell Biology, Arteriosclerosis and Science. He has been a member of the Board of Scientific Advisors of the Jane Coffin Childs Fund since 1980.
Brown received the honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the University of Chicago (1982) and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1982). With his colleague, Goldstein, Brown has shared the following awards: Heinrich Wieland Prize for Research in Lipid Metabolism (1974); Pfizer Award for Enzyme Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (1976); Albion O. Bernstein Award of the New York State Medical Society (1977); Passano Award (1978); Lounsbery Award of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1979); Gairdner Foundation International Award (1981); New York Academy of Sciences Award in Biological and Medical Sciences (1981); Lita Annenberg Hazen Award (1982); V.D. Mattia Award of the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology (1984); Distinguished Research Award of the Association of American Medical Colleges (1984); Research Achievement Award of the American Heart Association (1984); Louisa Gross Horwitz Award (1984); 3M Life Sciences Award of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (1985); William Allan Award of the American Society of Human Genetics (1985); and the Albert D. Lasker Award in Basic Medical Research (1985).
Brown and Goldstein jointly delivered the following lectures: Harvey Lecture (1977); Christian A. Herter Lectures at Johns Hopkins University (1979); Harry Steenboch Lectures at the University of Wisconsin at Madison (1980); Smith, Kline, and French Lectures at the University of California, Berkeley (1981); Duff Memorial Lecture of the American Heart Association (1981); Doisy Lectures at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1983); the first Pfizer Lecture in Honor of Konrad Bloch at Harvard University (1985); and the Berzelius Lecture at the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1985).
Brown and his wife, Alice, have two daughters: Elizabeth (born in 1973) and Sara (born in 1977).
Biographical
Michael S. Brown was born on April 13, 1941, in Brooklyn, New York, the eldest child of Harvey Brown, a textile salesman, and Evelyn Brown, a housewife. His sister Susan was born three years later. When Brown was 11 years old the family moved to Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, where Brown attended Cheltenham High School. An amateur radio operating license obtained at age 13 led to a life-long fascination with science. A serious interest in journalism also developed early. These two passions, science and writing, have remained paramount ever since.
Brown graduated in 1962 from the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Pennsylvania, with chemistry as his major subject. He spent most of his time at the headquarters of the student newspaper, the Daily Pennsylvanian, where he served as features editor and briefly as editor-in-chief. In 1966 Brown received his M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. In 1964 he married Alice Lapin, a companion from childhood. The next two years were spent as intern and resident in Internal Medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Here Brown met Joseph L. Goldstein, a fellow intern, and the two established the friendship and mutual respect that led to their long-term scientific collaboration.
The years 1968-1971 were spent at the National Institutes of Health where Brown served initially as Clinical Associate in gastroenterology and hereditary disease. He then joined the Laboratory of Biochemistry, headed by Earl R. Stadtman, a pioneer in the disclosure of the mechanisms by which enzymes are regulated. Here Brown learned the techniques of enzymology and the fundamental principles of metabolic regulation. Brown made an important contribution to the Stadtman effort when he and a colleague discovered that a regulatory enzyme in the glutamine synthetic pathway was controlled by covalent attachment of a nucleotide, uridine.
In 1971 Brown joined the division of Gastroenterology in the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas. His selection of Dallas was strongly motivated by his friendship with Goldstein, who had graduated from the Southwestern Medical School. In Dallas, Brown came under the influence of Donald W. Seldin, Chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine, an inspirational figure whose passion for medical science shaped the lives of a generation of Texas students.
Soon after his arrival in Dallas, Brown succeeded in solubilizing and partially purifying 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a previously enigmatic enzyme that catalyzes the rate-controlling enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. He and Goldstein had developed the hypothesis that abnormalities in the regulation of this enzyme were the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic disease in which excess cholesterol accumulates in blood and tissues. The formal scientific collaboration with Goldstein began one year later, in 1972, just after Goldstein returned to Dallas from a postdoctoral fellowship in Seattle. The two young physicians initially maintained separate laboratories, but by 1974 the laboratories had been formally joined.
Throughout the decade of the 1970’s, when their scientific work was most intensive, Brown and Goldstein continued to function as academic physicians, each performing clinical attending rounds on the general medicine wards of Parkland Memorial Hospital for six to twelve weeks per year. They also conducted frequent teaching rounds in medical genetics. Their research efforts were aided by a number of talented senior collaborators and junior associates, as well as by frequent interchange with interested members of the Department of Internal Medicine.
In 1974, Brown was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. He became a Professor in 1976. In 1977 he was appointed Paul J. Thomas Professor of Medicine and Genetics, and Director of the Center for Genetic Disease at the same institution. In 1985, Brown was appointed Regental Professor of the University of Texas.
Brown was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences of the United States in 1980. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, the American Society of Biological Chemists, and the American Society for Cell Biology. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine and a Fellow of the American College of Physicians.
Brown received several student awards at the University of Pennsylvania, including a Proctor and Gamble Scholarship (1958-1962), the David L. Drabkin Prize in Biochemistry (1962), and the Frederick L. Packard Prize in Internal Medicine (1966). He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha. From 1974 to 1977 he was an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association. He has served on several review boards including the Molecular Cytology Study Section of the National Institutes of Health (1974-77) and the editorial boards of the Journal of Lipid Research, the Journal of Cell Biology, Arteriosclerosis and Science. He has been a member of the Board of Scientific Advisors of the Jane Coffin Childs Fund since 1980.
Brown received the honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the University of Chicago (1982) and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1982). With his colleague, Goldstein, Brown has shared the following awards: Heinrich Wieland Prize for Research in Lipid Metabolism (1974); Pfizer Award for Enzyme Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (1976); Albion O. Bernstein Award of the New York State Medical Society (1977); Passano Award (1978); Lounsbery Award of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1979); Gairdner Foundation International Award (1981); New York Academy of Sciences Award in Biological and Medical Sciences (1981); Lita Annenberg Hazen Award (1982); V.D. Mattia Award of the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology (1984); Distinguished Research Award of the Association of American Medical Colleges (1984); Research Achievement Award of the American Heart Association (1984); Louisa Gross Horwitz Award (1984); 3M Life Sciences Award of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (1985); William Allan Award of the American Society of Human Genetics (1985); and the Albert D. Lasker Award in Basic Medical Research (1985).
Brown and Goldstein jointly delivered the following lectures: Harvey Lecture (1977); Christian A. Herter Lectures at Johns Hopkins University (1979); Harry Steenboch Lectures at the University of Wisconsin at Madison (1980); Smith, Kline, and French Lectures at the University of California, Berkeley (1981); Duff Memorial Lecture of the American Heart Association (1981); Doisy Lectures at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1983); the first Pfizer Lecture in Honor of Konrad Bloch at Harvard University (1985); and the Berzelius Lecture at the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1985).
Brown and his wife, Alice, have two daughters: Elizabeth (born in 1973) and Sara (born in 1977).
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Race Dog
Joseph L. Goldstein
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
Born: 18 April 1940, Sumter, SC, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism."
Prize share: 1/2
Work
Cholesterol is an important component in the body's cells and plays an important role in several biochemical processes. Too much cholesterol in the blood can cause problems, however, by forming strictures in blood vessels. In 1973 Joseph Goldstein and Michael Brown discovered the receptor, or receiver, in cells that takes in cholesterol and clarified how the conversion of cholesterol is regulated by our genes and other substances. The discoveries became the basis for statins, medications that reduce cholesterol levels in the blood.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
Born: 18 April 1940, Sumter, SC, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism."
Prize share: 1/2
Work
Cholesterol is an important component in the body's cells and plays an important role in several biochemical processes. Too much cholesterol in the blood can cause problems, however, by forming strictures in blood vessels. In 1973 Joseph Goldstein and Michael Brown discovered the receptor, or receiver, in cells that takes in cholesterol and clarified how the conversion of cholesterol is regulated by our genes and other substances. The discoveries became the basis for statins, medications that reduce cholesterol levels in the blood.
big oil
Race Dog
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
Bruce A. Beutler
Prize share: 1/4
Jules A. Hoffmann
Prize share: 1/4
Ralph M. Steinman
Prize share: 1/2
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity."
Bruce A. Beutler
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
Born: 29 December 1957, Chicago, IL, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity."
Prize share: 1/4
Life
Bruce Beutler was born in Chicago, Illinois, but grew up in California. His mother was a journalist and his father a geneticist. After having studied to become a medical doctor at the University of Chicago, he conducted his Nobel Prize-awarded work at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in the 1990s. He later returned to the center after having worked at Rockefeller University in New York, Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Chevy Chase, Maryland, and Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Bruce Beutler was formerly married and has three children.
Work
When bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms attack our bodies, our immune system goes to work. It has two lines of defence, the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffman have contributed to our understanding of how so-called receptors detect microorganisms and activate our innate immunity. In 1998, by studying mice with mutations, Bruce Beutler found a gene which is active in the development of a receptor which binds lipopolysaccharide, a substance produced by several pathogenic bacteria.
Bruce A. Beutler
Prize share: 1/4
Jules A. Hoffmann
Prize share: 1/4
Ralph M. Steinman
Prize share: 1/2
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity."
Bruce A. Beutler
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
Born: 29 December 1957, Chicago, IL, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity."
Prize share: 1/4
Life
Bruce Beutler was born in Chicago, Illinois, but grew up in California. His mother was a journalist and his father a geneticist. After having studied to become a medical doctor at the University of Chicago, he conducted his Nobel Prize-awarded work at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in the 1990s. He later returned to the center after having worked at Rockefeller University in New York, Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Chevy Chase, Maryland, and Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Bruce Beutler was formerly married and has three children.
Work
When bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms attack our bodies, our immune system goes to work. It has two lines of defence, the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffman have contributed to our understanding of how so-called receptors detect microorganisms and activate our innate immunity. In 1998, by studying mice with mutations, Bruce Beutler found a gene which is active in the development of a receptor which binds lipopolysaccharide, a substance produced by several pathogenic bacteria.
