Congo
Or rather Democratic Republic of Congo, as there is a separate much smaller country officially called Congo adjacent to DRC on its northwest border. However for me DRC is the Congo and will continue calling it that further on.
Congo to me is the epitome of Africa. The name evokes deep distant sound of drumming in the jungle - mysterious, deeply unsettling, even threatening. Spread along (and far beyond) the banks of Congo river right in the middle of Africa it remained mysterious place for centuries, feared by Europeans who didn’t dare to venture inland into the green darkness of the jungle. It always had a power to stir deep primordial fear of the unknown in the hearts of outsiders, as shown in that literally classic Heart of Darkness (and inspired another film classic Apocalypse Now, even though that one took place in the jungles of Vietnam).
When at the end of 19th century the first European - british explorer Stanley - crossed Africa overland from East to West along the Congo river, out of the original crew of 50 only 4 made it to the other side alive. Unfortunately this conquest started a long history of Congo as a site of exploitation and war. The ruthless exploitation started by belgian king Leopold who turned Congo into his private fiefdom continued unabated post-independence by Congo’s own dictator Mobutu Sese Seko supported by the West in a bid to counter Soviet influence in Africa. After his fall in 1996 the country descended into prolonged civil war, resulting in a death of over 5 million people, the highest death count of any war since WW2.
At the time I arrived the war has fizzled out in most of the Congo and morphed into precarious, peace. However it was still prone to flare up here and there and nowhere more likely so than in the eastern Congo along the borders of Uganda and Rwanda, where each of these countries tried to exploit the power vacuum for their own means using one of the many rebel groups in the region as a proxy.
To assess wisdom of this venture I have spent a day in Kisoro - last town in Uganda before the border trying to get as much up to date information as possible. The indications seemed positive - Dutch manager of the guesthouse where I stayed said that since the last shooting about two weeks ago the situation calmed down and Chris from the Wadi Haifa gang told me via email that he did a day trip across the border to see gorillas few days before.
So I decided to give it a try. The plan was just a short trip along the border south to Goma about 120 km south, have a look around there, and if it looks OK circumvent from the west Lake Kivu to Bukavu where I would cross to Rwanda in Cyangugu. Like so:
The border was very quiet and surprisingly pleasant affair. I exited Uganda in no time and was surprised to find Congolese officers speaking English (Congo is part of the French speaking Africa) and helpful. Which ironically almost made me turn the tail, when one of the senior officers - a kind elderly gentleman, looked me in the eyes for what seemed like ages and asked ‘Do you really want to go in?’. Like a father looking at a son who is about to do something stupid fully knowing that he cannot prevent the boy to make his own mistakes. If he would tell me I’m being stupid or some such I would just brush him off, but the soft caring approach sent my mind into a tailspin for a while. When I calmed down a bit I told myself to try few kms in and should it feel dodgy, I’ll just come back.
With that and lengthy cross border formalities settled, I set-off into Congo on a single vehicle dirt road heading west towards Rutshuru. On the way I passed through couple of poor villages, and drawn some encouragement from the local people who seemed surprised, but genuinely pleased to see me. Maybe this place isn’t as bad as I assumed.
After about 25 km of dirt I came to a T-junction with the main tar road running north-south between Rutshuru and Goma. The junction was manned by a ragtag gang of 20 or so armed individuals - some of them in military fatigues with inevitable AKs and RPGs, others outfitted in outrageously orange uniforms with orange hard hats - presumably some kind of traffic police, and few in civvies.
There was no traffic and they were clearly bored out of their mind in the midday heat, so the robocop on a huge silver two wheel contraption caught them completely off-guard. Soothed by the friendly reception on the border and in the villages, I gave them a friendly wave and turned left on tar heading to Goma. I almost made it past them when they sprung into action and the shouting started - stupidly I thought they are just overjoyed to see me and instead of opening up and buggering off I stopped for a friendly chit chat. They surrounded me in no time growling aggressively in French. I’m no hero and not particularly aggressive, but against a better judgement I ignored their superior numbers and firepower and started growling back in impolite English, pissed off by their poor manners. This quickly escalated into an idiotic shouting match - you know that spiel - if somebody doesn’t speak your language, just repeat it slower and louder again and again. It was getting a bit out of hand, but luckily one of the civvies did speak English and explained that I’ve just committed a transgressed Congolese traffic rules.
Contrary to the eastern Africa - former part of British empire, in Congo - former Belgian colony, you are supposed to drive on the right side of the road. As I came from the border on a dirt road wide enough for one car with no traffic whatsoever, I somehow missed that. When I came to the T junction, there was a stone size of my fist planted slap bang in the middle of the dirt road - an obvious roundabout for a local, but not to this idiot. As I was turning left, I passed to the left of the stone, endangering other people vehicles, should there be any. Contemplating my crime threw me off my shouting for a second which was enough for this rabble to get an upper hand in the psychological chess game. When I realized my mistake I was already on back foot, and while I resumed directing some abuse towards the crowd for appearances sake I felt losing ground and grudgingly started cooperate to an extent. They required inspection of my luggage (which nobody bothered for on the border), which I let them do watching their every move and then asked for a fine, which I declined. To break the impasse they said I need to go see their commander - a plump sweaty woman in dirty fatigues sitting in the shade of a tree on upturned beer case 50 meters away. Facing a lady (kind of), I finally came back to my senses and presented myself in the most presentable way I could muster, smiling, making cooing noises and throwing in a compliment or two (which of course she didn’t understand). She looked at me for a while without saying a word and then acquitted me with slight of a hand. I still had to go to the nearby hut with the English speaking civvy dude to register and pay 10$ fee, for which he refused to provide receipt. I considered hammering him to the ground - he was a diminutive man, but eventually just swore at him, walked out, got on bike and rode off. I’m not very proud of this whole episode, as I clearly behaved stupidly and it could have gone badly wrong, but funnily enough couldn’t help it feeling that making a nuisance of myself somehow granted me a degree of immunity I wouldn’t have if I would just submit readily.
After 80 or so km on a pretty good asphalt road winding through dense tropical forest with almost no traffic I arrived at the outskirts of Goma where I had to go through two other checkpoints, but these were manned by unarmed students of some kind and not threatening, just a nuisance.
If there ever was a geo pathological zone, Goma is it. Leaving aside for a second 20 years of war atrocities it went through, it is situated slap bang in-between an active volcano Nyiragongo and beautiful, but potentially even more deadly Lake Kivu.
This is what Wikipedia has to say about Nyiragongo:
Mount Nyiragongo is an active stratovolcano with an elevation of 3470 m. Since 1882, it has erupted at least 34 times, including many periods where activity was continuous for years at a time, often in the form of a churning lava lake in the crater. The lava emitted in eruptions at Nyiragongo is often unusually fluid. Whereas most lava flows move rather slowly and rarely pose a danger to human life, Nyiragongo's lava flows may race downhill at up to 60 miles per hour (up to 100 km/h). This is because of the extremely low silica content (the lava is mafic). Nowhere else in the world does such a steep-sided stratovolcano contain a lake of such fluid lava. Nyiragongo's proximity to heavily populated areas increases its potential for causing a natural disaster. On 10 January 1977, the crater walls fractured, and the lava lake drained in less than an hour. The lava flowed down the flanks of the volcano at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour on the upper slopes, overwhelming villages and killing at least 70 people.
Another major eruption of the volcano began on January 17, 2002. A 13 km fissure opened in the south flank of the volcano, spreading in a few hours from 2800 m to 1550 m elevation and reaching the outskirts of the city of Goma, the provincial capital on the northern shore of Lake Kivu. The fissure and flowed in a stream 200 to 1000 m wide and up to 2 m deep through Goma. Warnings had been given and 400,000 people were evacuated from the city across the Rwandan border into neighbouring Gisenyi during the eruption. Lava covered the northern end of the runway at Goma International Airport, leaving the southern two-thirds usable, and reached Lake Kivu. About 147 people died in the eruption from asphyxiation by carbon dioxide and buildings collapsing due to the lava and earthquakes.[2] At least 15% of Goma comprising 4,500 buildings were destroyed, leaving about 120,000 people homeless. The eruption was the most destructive effusive eruption in modern history.
As for the Lake Kivu:
Lake Kivu is a fresh water lake is one of three lakes that experience limnic eruptions. A limnic eruption, also referred to as a lake overturn, is a rare type of natural disaster in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from deep lake water, suffocating wildlife, livestock and humans. Around the lake, geologists found evidence of massive biological extinctions about every thousand years, caused by outgassing events. The risk from a possible Lake Kivu overturn is catastrophic, dwarfing other documented lake overturns at Lakes Nyos and Monoun, because of the approximately two million people living in the lake basin. Here is a documentary on lake overturn:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcaoajVDYA8.
Some location...
I arrived into the Goma proper in the late afternoon and started looking for accommodation. Locals looked at me with suspicion and weren’t much of a help as nobody spoke English. Eventually I bumped into patrol of Pakistani UN forces (‘peacemakers’, whatever that is), who directed me to a lodge frequented by the expats lucky enough to visit Goma. The lodge was a stark contrast to the decrepit war torn town - catering for wealthy (mostly government paid) foreigners, it was situated in a lovely garden on the shores of tranquil Lake Kivu. This was the most luxurious accommodation so far on the trip, but tired of all the hassle of the day and shunned by not exactly welcoming locals in town, I settled into one of the chalets, with the first bathtub I have seen since home.
The lodge:
Next day, looking for some sightseeing tips, a friendly receptionist recommended a hike up the Nyiragongo. Now, I have never been on an active volcano, so I agreed immediately and she organized local taxi driver to come pick me up for the trip next day. I’ve spent rest of the day lounging about and doing few tentative walkabouts into the town. It seemed to me that this is probably about the toughest place on the planet. Unlike the rest of Africa, people - terrorized for decades by marauding gangs of rebels and government forces (be it Congolese, Rwandan or Ugandan - each of which took their turn at one point at on time or another to exploit the area), were not smiling at all - not even children - and generally kept their heads down. There was an ugly kind of karma involved as many of the locals were Hutu refugees from Rwanda, who had to run away after they partook in the Rwandan genocide and were eventually chased away by the Tutsi led rebel army.
Goma:
New settlements in the places destroyed by lava in 2002:
The most wide spread load carrying contraption - kick scooter:
Nyiragongo hidden in the clouds:
To be continued.